Federal drug charges carry severe penalties in the United States.
The Controlled Substances Act classifies drugs into five schedules and considers Schedule I the most dangerous.
Mandatory minimum sentences
The FBI announced that it arrested more than 200 people on drug charges in early 2024. Many federal drug offenses come with mandatory minimum sentences. For example, possessing 500 grams of cocaine with intent to distribute carries a minimum sentence of five years in prison. If the quantity exceeds five kilograms, the mandatory minimum increases to ten years. These sentences can double for repeat offenders.
Sentences for drug trafficking
Drug trafficking involves the manufacture, distribution or sale of controlled substances. Trafficking large quantities of drugs often results in long prison sentences. For instance, trafficking 1,000 kilograms of marijuana can lead to a ten-year minimum sentence. If the crime involves a death or serious injury, the sentence may increase to 20 years or even life in prison.
Sentences for drug manufacturing
Manufacturing illegal drugs like methamphetamine or LSD can result in harsh penalties. The federal government imposes a minimum ten-year sentence for producing 50 grams of methamphetamine. Penalties increase significantly for large quantities or if the manufacturing process endangers others.
Sentences for possession
Simple possession of illegal drugs generally leads to less severe penalties compared to trafficking or manufacturing. However, possession of any amount of certain drugs, like crack cocaine, can result in a federal felony charge. First-time offenders might face up to one year in prison and a minimum fine of $1,000. Repeat offenders could face much longer sentences and higher fines.
Additional penalties
Federal drug charges can also lead to other consequences. These may include substantial fines, supervised release after prison and forfeiture of property. For a conviction of drug offenses, individuals may lose their eligibility for federal benefits like student loans or housing assistance. Additionally, a felony drug conviction can make it difficult to find employment or housing.
It is important to understand the potential penalties for federal drug crimes.